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Fiji
Nation and archipelago, S. Pacific Ocean. It lies east of Vanuatu and southwest of Samoa. Area: 7,055 sq mi (18,272 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 778,000. Capital: Suva. The majority of Fijians are of mixed Melanesian-Polynesian stock. Languages: English (official), Fijian. Religions: Methodism, Hinduism (among the large Asian Indian minority). Currency: Fiji dollar. It lies 1,300 mi (2,100 km) north of New Zealand, and comprises some 540 islets and 300 islands, of which about 100 are inhabited. The main islands are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. It also includes, since 1881, Rotuma, an island located about 400 mi (640 km) to the northwest. The two large Fiji islands are mountainous and volcanic in origin, rising abruptly from densely populated coasts to forested central mountains. The smaller islands are formed mostly of coral reefs. The coastal deltas of the principal rivers contain most of Fiji's fertile arable land. It has a tropical oceanic climate. It has a market economy based largely on agriculture (particularly sugar production), tourism, and light industries; significant quantities of gold, silver, and limestone are mined. It is a republic with two legislative houses; its chief of state is the president, while the head of government is the prime minister. Archaeological evidence shows that the islands were occupied in the late 2nd millennium BC and had developed pottery by c.1300 BC. The first European sighting was by the Dutch in the 16th cent.; in 1774 the islands were visited by Capt. J. Cook, who found a mixed Melanesian-Polynesian population with a complex society. Traders and the first missionaries arrived in 1835. In 1857 a British consul was appointed, and in 1874 Fiji was proclaimed a crown colony. It became independent as a member of the Commonwealth in 1970, and was declared a republic in 1987 following a military coup. Elections in 1992 restored civilian rule. A new constitution was approved in 1997.


Nejd
Region of central Saudi Arabia. Comprising a rocky plateau sloping eastward from the mountains of the Hejaz, it is sparsely settled, except for a few fertile oases. It became the center of the Wahhabi, a fundamentalist Islamic movement, in the mid-18th cent., which, by 1803 had expanded into Mecca. Nejd was captured by Ibn Saud c.1905. It was united with the Hejaz and became the independent kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.


Nias
Island (pop., 1980: 468,000), Indonesia, in the Indian Ocean. It is the largest island in a chain along the W coast of Sumatra. It is 80 mi (129 km) long and 30 mi (48 km) wide, with an area of 1,569 sq mi (4,064 sq km). Most of the people are animists (see animism) and speak dialects of the Austronesian language family. The chief village is Gunungsitoli on the NE coast. Megalithic monuments and wooden sculptures honoring the dead or representing fertility are common on the island.


Nice
City (metro. area pop., 1990: ...

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