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Jalisco
State (pop., 1995 est.: 5,991,000), W central Mexico. It has an area of 31,211 sq mi (80,836 sq km); its capital is Guadalajara. The Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range traverses the state, separating the Pacific coast from a high plateau region. The Sierra region is largely volcanic, and earthquakes are frequent. The state's many lakes include Chapala, Mexico's largest. First invaded by Spaniards in 1526, Jalisco was incorporated into Nueva Galicia. In 1889 its area was much reduced by the separation of the territory of Tepic (now Nayarit state) from its coastal zone. Its economy is based on agriculture, livestock-raising, forest products, and mining.


Kali
Destructive and devouring Hindu goddess. She is a terrifying aspect of Devi, who in other forms appears as peaceful and benevolent. Kali is commonly associated with death, violence, sexuality, and, paradoxically, with motherly love. She is usually depicted as a hideous, black-faced hag smeared with blood. In her four hands she holds a sword, a shield, the severed head of a giant, and a noose for strangling. Nearly naked, she wears a garland of skulls and a girdle of severed hands. She is often shown standing or dancing on her husband, Shiva. Kali developed her taste for blood from killing the demon Raktavija. Until the 19th cent. the thugs of India worshiped Kali and offered their victims to her.


Kalidasa
Indian poet and dramatist. Little is known about him; his poems suggest that he was a Brahman (priest). Many works are traditionally ascribed to him, but scholars have identified only six as genuine and one more as likely. The Sanskrit drama The Recognition of Sakuntala, his most famous creation, is traditionally judged the major Indian literary effort of any period, and Kalidasa is regarded as perhaps the greatest of all Indian writers.


Kalinga
Ancient and medieval kingdom, NE India. It corresponds to the area of modern N Andhra Pradesh, most of Orissa, and a portion of Madhya Pradesh. It was conquered by Mahapadma, the founder of the Nanda dynasty, in the 4th cent. BC. Beginning in the mid-11th cent. AD, the E. Ganga dynasty assumed control. The temple of the sun-god at Konarak was built in the 13th cent. by Narasimha I. The dynasty collapsed when the sultan of Delhi invaded Kalinga from the south in 1324.


Kalinin
Russian communist leader and statesman. An early supporter of the Bolsheviks, he participated in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and cofounded Pravda. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 he served as mayor of Petrograd (St. Petersburg). In 1919 he became chair of the central executive committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, and thus titular head of the Soviet state, a position he kept until his death. From 1925 he was a member of the Politburo and supported J. Stalin in crucial votes, thus retaining his high party office.


Kaniska
Greatest king of ...

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