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Henan
Province (pop., 1996 est.: 91,000,000), E central China. Its capital is Zhengzhou. Early evidence of Chinese civilization were found there that gave rise to the Shang dynasty (18th-12th cent. BC), the first of several that ruled until c.AD 936. Kaifeng became the capital under the Northern Song dynasty which was overthrown by the Mongols in 1127; Zhengzhou then was made the capital. Henan's principal crop is wheat. It has large deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas which fuel the economies of its major cities. It is also a railroad transportation hub.
Jinan
City (pop., 1990: 1,481,000), capital of Shandong province, NE China. It dates at least from the Zhou period (c.11th cent.-3rd cent. BC), and has been an administrative center since the 8th cent. BC. Nearby Mt. Tai was one of China's greatest holy mountains; many Buddhist cave temples were built in the hills south of the city in the 4th-7th cent. AD. It was made the capital of Shandong under the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Opened to foreign commerce in 1904, it developed further after becoming a railroad junction in 1912. It is now a major administrative and industrial center and Shandong's chief cultural center, with agricultural, medical, and engineering colleges and a large university (1926).
Jonah
One of the 12 Minor Prophets in the Old Testament, whose story is told in the Book of Jonah. (His narrative is part of a larger book, The Twelve, in the Jewish canon.) God orders Jonah to prophesy against the wickedness of Nineveh, but Jonah refuses to believe that the people of this hated foreign city deserve salvation, and sails away on a ship in the opposite direction. When a great storm threatens to destroy the ship, he confesses his fault and asks the crew to throw him overboard. A great fish swallows him, but he prays for deliverance and the fish spews him out on dry ground. He goes on to Nineveh and preaches God's message, and its sinful people repent. The book was probably written in the 5th or 4th cent. BC.
Renan
French philosopher, historian, and scholar of religion. He trained for the priesthood but left the Catholic church in 1845, feeling that its teachings were incompatible with the findings of historical criticism, though he retained a quasi-Christian faith in God. His five-volume History of the Origins of Christianity (1863-1880) included his Life of Jesus (1863); an attempt to reconstruct the mind of Jesus as a wholly human person, it was virulently denounced by the church but widely read by the general public. His later works include the series History of the People of Israel (1888-96).
Annan
Seventh secretary-general of the United Nations (from 1997). He was born in Ghana, the son of a provincial governor and hereditary paramount chief of the Fanti people. He did graduate work at Geneva's Institute for Advanced International Studies and at MIT. He has spent almost his ...
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