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Eames
U.S. designers. Born in St. Louis, Charles was trained as an architect; Ray (born Ray Kaiser), a native of Sacramento, studied painting with H. Hofmann (1933-39). After marrying in 1941, they moved to California, where they designed movie sets and researched the uses of plywood for furniture. In 1946 an exhibit of their furniture designs at the Museum of Modern Art resulted in the mass production of their molded plywood chairs by the Herman Miller Furniture Co., and their furniture soon became known for its beauty, comfort, and elegance. After 1955 they made educational films, notably Powers of Ten (1969). They worked as design consultants to major U.S. corporations, incl. IBM.


Wales
Principality, constituting an integral part of the United Kingdom. It occupies a peninsula on the W side of the island of Great Britain. Area: 8,019 sq mi (20,768 sq km). Population (1995 est.): 2,917,000. Capital: Cardiff. The population is of Mediterranean, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Anglo-Norman ancestry. Languages: English, Welsh. Religions: Secularism; Methodism. Wales is almost entirely an upland area generally known as the Cambrian Mtns. The highest peak in England and Wales, Mt. Snowden, is found in Snowdonia National Park. The Severn, Wye and Dee are the longest rivers. The country mines coal, slate, and lead; imports and refines petroleum; and manufactures consumer electronics. Tourism is an important industry. In prehistoric times, tribal divisions of the British Celtic speakers who dominated all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde inhabited the region. The Romans ruled from the 1st cent. AD until the 4th-5th cent. Welsh Celts fought off incursions from the Anglo-Saxons. A number of kingdoms arose there, but none was successful in uniting the area. The Norman conquerors of England brought all of S Wales under their rule in 1093. English King Edward I conquered N Wales and made it a principality in 1284. Since 1301 the heir to the English throne has carried the title Prince of Wales. It was incorporated with England in the reign of Henry VIII. It became a leading international coal-mining center during the 19th cent. The Welsh Nationalist Party was founded in 1925, but its influence did not gather force until the 1960s, when Welsh nationalist aspirations rose; they continued into the late 20th cent.


Walesa
Polish labor leader and president of Poland (1990-95). An electrician, he worked in the Lenin Shipyard at Gdañ sk, Poland 1967-76, but was fired for his antigovernment activities. In 1980 he joined workers in a strike and soon became leader of the Solidarity trade union. The union was banned in 1981, and he was detained into 1982. In 1983 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He continued to direct the outlawed union until it received legal recognition in 1988. Though he refused to serve as premier, he won Poland's first direct presidential election by a landslide in ...

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