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arcade
Series of arches, supported by columns or piers, joined together end to end in a row. When supporting a roof, an arcade may function as a passageway adjacent to a solid wall, a covered walkway that provides access to adjacent shops, or a transitional element surrounding an open internal court. See also colonnade.


DeBakey
U.S. surgeon. Born in Lake Charles, La., he received his MD from Tulane Univ. In 1932 he devised the "roller pump," to be used in heart-lung machines. His work with the U.S. Surgeon General's office led to the development of mobile army surgical hospitals (MASH units). He also developed an efficient method of grafting frozen blood vessels to correct aortic aneurysms and pioneered the use of plastic tubing instead of grafts (1956). He was the first to perform a successful coronary artery bypass, and in 1963 he was the first to insert a mechanical device into the chest to assist the heart. He edited the Yearbook of Surgery (1958-70). His many awards include the Medal of Freedom.


decapod
Any of more than 8,000 species (order Decapoda) of crustaceans having five pairs of legs attached to the thorax. The shrimplike species, which can be as small as 0.5 in. (12 mm), have a slender body with a long abdomen, a well-developed fantail, and, often, long, slender legs. The crablike types, whose claw span can measure 13 ft (4 m), have a flattened body and, frequently, stout short legs and a reduced tail fan. Decapods are primarily marine and are most abundant in shallow tropical waters, but they are commercially valuable throughout the world. Some species (e.g., hermit and fiddler crabs) are adapted to terrestrial environments. See also crab, crayfish, lobster, shrimp.


Decatur
U.S. naval officer. Born in Sinepuxent, Md., he entered the navy in 1798. In the Tripolitan War he led a daring 1804 expedition into the harbor of Tripoli to burn a captured U.S. ship. In the War of 1812 he commanded the USS United States and captured the British ship Macedonian. In 1815 he commanded a squadron in the Mediterranean that forced a peace with the Barbary states on U.S. terms. At a banquet on his return he gave a toast that included the words "Our country, right or wrong." In 1815 he was made a navy commissioner, an office he held until killed in a duel.

City (pop., 1996 est.: 81,000), central Illinois. Situated on the Sangamon River east of Springfield, it was founded in 1829. In 1860 it was the site of A. Lincoln's first endorsement by a party convention for the presidential nomination. It is a commercial center for the surrounding agricultural region. Industries include the processing of corn and soybeans and the manufacture of tractors and other vehicles.


Heade
U.S. painter. Born in Lumberville, Pa., he studied in Europe and Britain, then returned to take up portrait and landscape painting. An avid naturalist, he made extensive trips in S. and Central ...

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