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Amsterdam
City (pop., 1996 est.: 718,000), W Netherlands. It lies at the head of the Ijsselmeer. It is the nominal capital of the Netherlands, whose seat of government is at The Hague. Originally a fishing village, it received its charter as a town in 1300. It joined the Hanseatic League in 1369 and grew steadily in the 14th-15th cent. After the decline of Antwerp at the end of the 16th cent., Amsterdam became the source of growing Dutch commercial and naval power. It was the center for the Dutch E. India and W. India companies, and became the leading trade metropolis of Europe. It became part of the Kingdom of Holland, which entered the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. It suffered a partial decline in the 18th cent., but its prosperity increased when it was connected by canal to the North Sea in 1875. It was occupied by Germany in World War II. The city is now a major European port and the main wholesale and industrial center of the Netherlands.
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